面向规划管理的国外国家公园监测体系研究及启示——以美国、加拿大、英国为例

监测对于国家公园的科学保护管理与规划具有重要意义。中国正处于国家公园体制建设初期，有必要深入研究如何建立国家公园监测体系。以近20年来发展迅速的美国、加拿大和英国的国家公园监测体系为研究对象，基于文献调查和比较分析，从监测内容框架与指标、数据管理与转化、组织和保障3个方面梳理在各自资源与管理背景下国家公园监测体系的基本特点，并提取出面向规划管理的国家公园监测体系建设的16个基本要点，为我国提供借鉴和启示。     

浅析会计信息系统实施与评价

计算机技术的蓬勃发展,使得企业办公更加智能化、效率化。由于传统手工记账具有容量小的弊端,无法处理大、中型企业庞大的金融数据。企业运用计算机处理繁杂财务工作的突出效果,间接吸引了大批科技企业加快对企业财务应用系统的研发速度。针对会计信息系统应用中的问题,急需对系统进行改造升级,保护财务数据安全;聚焦会计信息管理,提高专业人员素质;严于监管,战略转变,突破技术壁垒。     

New development: ‘Healing at a distance’—telemedicine and COVID-19

ABSTRACT

In extreme circumstances such as pandemics, the presence of patients in hospital emergency departments becomes untenable. Healthcare professionals and organizations worldwide are leaning on technology as a crucial ally to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak. This article focuses on the positive impact of telemedicine for helping service provision, from enabling virtual triage to mitigating the negative psychological effects of social isolation. The authors discuss the challenges and opportunities to telemedicine practices.     

新中国70年中国农村社会保障制度的演进逻辑与未来展望

新中国成立以来,得益于我国综合国力的快速提升和中国特色社会主义的制度优势,我国农村社会保障事业取得了巨大成就,但仍存在社会保障制度城乡不均衡发展等重要问题。本文依据多源流模型和公共产品理论构建了我国农村社会保障制度演进的分析框架进行分析表明,我国农村社会保障制度演进大概经历了制度萌芽与停滞、恢复与探索、改革与发展、完善和提高四个阶段,人民日益增长的美好生活需要、党和国家"以人民为中心"的发展理念、政策试点与政策研究、经济体制改革与综合国力提升共同构成了农村社会保障制度演进的动力机制。针对农村社会保障制度演进面临的重要挑战,提出了加强农村社会保障治理体系现代化建设等未来展望。     

Does an economic incentive affect provider behavior? Evidence from a field experiment on different payment mechanisms

Aims: This study analyzed discrepancies in the quantity of medical services supplied by physicians under different payment systems for patients with different health statuses and illnesses by means of a field experiment.

Methods: Based on the laboratory experiment of Heike Hennig-Schmidt, we designed a field experiment to examine fee-for-service (FFS), capitation (CAP), and diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment systems. Medical students were replaced with 220 physicians as experimental subjects, which more closely reflected the clinical choices made by physicians in the real world. Under the three payment mechanisms, the quantity of medical services provided by physicians when they treated patients with different health statuses and illnesses were collected. Finally, relevant statistics were computed and analyzed.

Results: It was found that payment systems (sig. = 0.000) and patient health status (sig. = 0.000) had a stronger effect on physicians’ choices regarding quantity of medical services than illness types (sig. = 0.793). Additionally, under the FFS and CAP payment systems, physicians overserved patients in good and intermediate health while underserving patients in bad health. Under the DRG payment system, physicians overserved patients in good health and underserved patients in intermediate and bad health. Correspondingly, under FFS and CAP, the proportional loss of benefits was the highest for patients in bad health and the lowest for patients in good and intermediate health; while under DRGs, patients in good and intermediate health had the largest and smallest loss of benefits, respectively.

Limitations: In order to increase external effects of experiment results, we used the field experiment to replace laboratory experiment. However, the external effects still existed because of the blurring and abstraction of the parameters.

Conclusions: Medical treatment cost and price affected the quantity of medical services provided by physicians. Therefore, we proposed that a mix of payment systems could address the common interests of physicians and patients, as well as influence incentives from payment systems.     

The evaluation of Istanbul airspace design from the perspective of complexity and safety

The approach, descent, and climb phases of flights in terminal maneuvering areas (TMAs) are some of the critical parts of a flight in which more than half of accidents happen. For an ANSP (Air Navigation Service Provider), to fulfill the responsibility with a high-quality service degree while maintaining safety, these difficult areas should be designed carefully and equipped with the most efficient procedures. Point merge system (PMS), which is defined as a systemized method for sequencing arrival flows, is launched in Istanbul's new TMA (LTFM TMA) being designed by DHMI (Devlet Hava Meydanları Isletmesi) to improve safety and efficiency. In this paper, the airspace complexity is based on adjusted density and structural index, and safety indicators. To investigate the effects of the radical changes made in re-organized LTFM TMA on the safety issue in comparison with the previous terminal maneuvering area, LTBA TMA, six months' data consisting of 75215 arrival and departure flights are used. Results reflect that the LTFM TMA, one of the world's busiest terminal airspaces, has statistically significantly lower scores in terms of conflict numbers per aircraft, complexity metrics, adjusted density, the hour of interactions, and flight hours than LTBA TMA. Lastly, there exists no longer a significant relationship between conflict types and complexity after launching the new design and structure.     

对于新会计制度下如何加强事业单位财务管理的剖析

财务管理是事业单位财务活动当中非常关键的环节,其有效性为事业单位的财产安全提供了保障。但是,随着新会计制度的出台和实施,事业单位的财务管理中存在的问题和不足逐渐暴露出来,这些问题严重阻碍了事业单位的持续发展。为了保障事业单位在新会计制度下实现长期健康发展,有必要就其财务管理当中存在的问题进行深入讨论,并提出可行的解决方案。     

国有林场贫困测定与差异性研究

基于2008—2017年国家林业局对中国28个省(市、区)国有林场的调研数据,运用等价性检验的方法从地理位置、经济状况、可持续经营和发展能力层面上对国有林场的贫困测度和差异性进行实证分析。研究结果表明:国有贫困林场不一定位于贫困县,并且与国有非贫困林场之间的差异逐渐缩小;国有贫困林场区域异质性强,经济发展水平较低;国有贫困林场在森林资源基础、人力资源基础、基础设施和生产条件等方面的可持续发展能力较差。因此,提出了相关林业部门应该鼓励国有贫困林场发展特色林产品;加大扶贫资金投入;改善职工生计条件;加强资金管理意识等政策建议。     

福利多元主义视角下宅基地资格权的性质与实现路径——以北京市魏善庄镇试点为例

研究目的:明确农村宅基地资格权的权利属性与内涵,从理论和实践的角度探索资格权实现的路径框架,为深化农村宅基地制度改革提供理论支撑。研究方法:文义解释、历史分析、文献研究和案例分析。研究结果:针对当前宅基地资格权的权利内涵不清、实现路径不明、实践经验不足等问题,本文从保障性内涵和现行制度体系适应性出发,认为资格权应当具备成员权内涵,具有身份性、无偿性、长期性、均等性等特征,并基于此从福利多元主义视角构建了宅基地资格权的实现路径理论框架,提出在宅基地资格权的实现过程中,应设立政府、集体、市场和家庭的四元供给主体,并通过城乡统筹保障农民宅基地资格权的多元动态实现,同时运用此理论框架对北京市大兴区魏善庄镇羊坊三村宅基地改革实践经验进行了案例研究和分析。研究结论:资格权应当在兼顾主体意愿和历史根源基础上以成员资格为依据进行主体认定,以资格公平性和均等性为原则,以"实物+货币"双重动态机制和城乡统筹机制构建实现路径,推动"户有所居",并通过宅基地资格权的多元动态实现推动农村住房保障体系的完善。     

关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制研究

面对新一轮科技革命,传统创新组织和模式已难以适应新形势的要求,美国科技界认为会聚创新模式将成为推动科技发展的重大战略举措。本文深入分析会聚创新兴起的内在机理,以人工智能领域为切入点,广泛借鉴国际创新组织不同模式经验,提出构建社会主义市场经济条件下关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制的若干建议。